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UNIT 9

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AN OVERVIEW OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS

 

There are 3 main stages to the production process

  • Pre-production

  • Production

  • Post-production

There are also 3 more follow up stages that run parallel with the production process

  • Finance

  • Screenplay

  • Marketing and distribution

 

Pre-production

 

At this stage is all dependant on what type of film you are producing for example for small budget companies this could include anything from meeting with a client, production plan and the majority of work before filming begins.

Where a feature film would probably be screenplays, actors, finance and film crew just to name a few here are some other examples

  • Location scout

  • Wardrobe

  • Props

  • Special effects

  • Scripts

  • Casting

  • Story boarding

  • Production/post-production

 

Production

 

In film this part of the process is where all the theory comes into practice and scenes are set, sets are constructed and ready to use and the camera crew along with the sound techs are ready to roll on film and audio check for sound quality as well as working (this sounds silly but making sure it all works saves a lot of time).

In major film production they call this point “point of no return” as it would be cheaper to finish filming than to cancel the film and face a financial fall out

The main goal at this stage of photography is to record all the required shots from the story board as it’s the DOP (director of photography) job to put what the director has visualised into practice in a real-life film situation.

With the audio at this stage the production normally means to follow the creative direction of a project.

 

Post-production

 

this stage is the final stage in the production process and is often referred to simply as POST. There are many different jobs at this stage of the process all as important if not more important than the actors themselves, most of the task that are involved are as follows

  • Video editing

  • Sound editing- adding folly, effects and soundtrack

  • Film graphics and special effects

  • Exposure and colour correction

  • Pick-up shots (re-takes of scenes if need be)

In most cases the post-production stage is relatively easy as you have to piece film footage together using a rush list or dailies highlighting what shots to use also adding the right sound into the film from instruction from the director, DOP and DOM (director of music).

 

Finance

 

There are many ways to source money for independent film making some people use crowd funding and add funders to the credits, while others use more direct approaches through organisations such

  • BFI- offers £26m of lottery funded money to the development of film as well as production.

  • MEDIA SUB-PROGRAMME- funding for cinema and A/V sector

  • CREATIVE SCOTLAND- fund is there to promote Scotland’s creativity talent

  • CREATIVE ENGLAND- number of different funds on offer for regional based projects and filmmakers.

  • NORTHERN IRELAND SCREEN FUND- offers funding for scripts, film and TV with most of the budget will need to be spent in N.I.

  • FFILM CYMRU WALES-for welsh filmmakers, producers and directors from Wales

  • FILM LONDON- agency for film and media in London

  • FILM 4- investment of £15m annually into films and film makers

  • ISLE OF MAN MEDIA FUND- funded by Pinewood with a budget of £25m

  • WELSH GOVERNMENT MEDIA FUND- budget to use on film and TV being filmed in wales normal £30m

  • YORKSHIRE CONTENT FUND- public/private investment fund for TV, Films and digital sectors in Yorkshire

 

Location

 

For my short film the location I will be using is a wooded area to reflect Akira Kurosawa work as most of his fighting/sparing scenes were shot outside. Also, this will also give me more natural shots to work with for example grass moving in the wind to give a sense of anticipation.

 

Management of light and sound

 

The management of light on this film will be in the style out lined by my pitch, so taking that into account and the scene I am replicating I will be using the key light system with hard lighting effects to cast shadows and to highlight shots through-out the footage this is also a good technic if the day is overcast as the key light will act like the daylight from the sun.

For the sound management of this film I am going to be using the borrowed sound from the scene itself to keep within ethical backgrounds as I would feel it wrong to imitate the scene with a computer-generated audio translation but also as I don’t know any Japanese speaking people, I believe this is the best choice for my film. If I had the time to remake the film, then I would try and find some people to translate and give the right tone to the script.

 

Final video

 

My final cut will be as close as I can get to the original footage using modern tech and using filters with effects to get the chosen result, I have also produced some test footage to give me the settings I will need.

The marketing and screening of the film will be available in the collage but also online through YouTube, promoted using social media such as Facebook and Instagram with people being able to leave comments under the video on my YouTube channel this will be highlighted at the end of the film

 

Risk assessment

 

I have placed on my blog a standard film risk assessment for this type of scene.

Risk assessments are important for insurance reasons but also to cover yourself and the film production.

Everyone who works on a film should always go through the health and safety for the project they are working to ensure everyone is clear on what is expected of them and also in the event of a fire or bomb threat.

Above are all the documents you would need in the production process from contact list to release forms, as well as a stunt risk assessment and production time-line for my film 

Presentation notes

 

AKIRA KUROSAWA

 

Was born in 1910 he directed over 30 films spanning a 57b year career Kurosawa was a director and screenwriter, he is called “the master” by many such as Steven Spielberg and George Lucas due to his importance of influencing cinema and filmmakers alike.

Kurosawa started his career in film in 1936 as an assistant film director and scriptwriter, his first film came during WW2 with Judo Saga which was followed quickly by Drunken Angel 1948.

In 1990 he received the academy award for lifetime achievement.

My reasoning for choosing Kurosawa is the use of his bold, dynamic style which was influenced by western filmmakers, also the use of axial cuts (An axial cut is a type of jump cut, where the camera suddenly moves closer to or further away from its subject, along an invisible line drawn straight between the camera and the subject.  While a plain jump cut typically involves a temporal discontinuity, an apparent jump in time, an axial cut is a way of maintaining the illusion of continuity. Axial cuts are used rarely in contemporary cinema, were fairly common in the cinema of the 1910s and 1920s).

, tracking shots or dissolves through the use of jump cuts.

These styles were very controversial as it went against all the principles of classic cinema. He also used the wipe technique throughout his career in a way of wiping one scene into a fresh scene or situation but at the same time staying within the story.

 

Target audience

The target audience for this type of film would mainly be aimed at martial arts but also at retro films but due to the violent conduct of the film it would be rated at a 12a with no blood the style it is aimed at his Japanese film making in 1940-50’s in the style of Kurosawa. The platform the film will be able to be viewed on will be in collage as well as social media with the ability to answer a few questions in relation to the film where at collage there will be a bio of Kurosawa with a link to go to and leave feedback to the same questions as on social media, the video will also be uploaded for public view on YouTube

 

Research

So with the research I had to be extensive as trying to imitate a style from a director known as the master would be open for a lot of critics.

I went to an exhibition at the Tate for lighting ideas which was interesting for the use of lights and shadowing but not for the needs of my film, so I search history of Kurosawa which I have just spoken about but also watched films he directed but also collaborations he had worked on to get a better idea of the use of shot and lighting as for the sound in the era I am covering it was all recorded separately after filming was completed.

 

Lighting

Kurosawa saw every frame of his films as a painting telling a story this came from his background of being a painter for a short period and is shown by his attention to detail with the use of shots showing blowing grass of dust. The type of lighting I’m going to have to imitate is HMI’s or Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide, these bulbs use an electrical arc between 2 electrodes and contains mercury vapour and metal finning’s to create the effect of sunlight. Due to the scene I’m shooting I will be using a key-light system with LED lighting to give shadows and depth to the footage acting like a sunny day, also due to it being an outside scene there is no need to soften the light using dispersion filters of shutters. The main factors I have to consider is battery life as well as weather condition as filming a fight scene in the rain while imitating a sunny day would not work for the concept.

Sound

For the sound I will be recording this separately outside while both actors watch the footage as this is the way it would have been done and added later. I will also be using licence free Foley sound to imitate the wind associated with this type of scene and use counterpointing with Foley, audio and licence free music for the scene.

Poll

I produced 2 pictures which are to the right and created a poll online for 6 days during this time watching the poll was very interesting as the picture I had taken and treated to look like the other streamed ahead then after a few days the original took over the final result was my picture 39% original 61% with the comments received it seems for my final cut I need to add more contrast and lighten further to be completely exact to the times.

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Marketing plan

 

For the marketing of my film I’m using social media as a poll to see weather the sound and lighting fit the film from a wide range of P2P input giving me the chance to gain a wide range of information from a wide range of age, gender and locations.

The other way I’m marketing my film and to get feedback on a professional level from my peers and have invited media students from the collage to come and view with a Q and A session after.

 

If I was to produce a feature film there would be a marketing team employed to do testers as well as questionaires that can then be refined down. The other side for the marketing for small budget films I would use film festivals and youtube to create a buzz and get as may people to view it as possible.

Film festivals

 

There are many festivals out there for film makers but the main companies to get in touch with would be:

BFI

Film 4

These companies like to promote British talent at their events

Techniques

In theaters

Television and radio

  • Product placement 

  • Extended placement

  • Production and paid broadcast of behind-the-scenes documentary-style shows,

  • Advance trailers, longer previews, or behind-the-scenes footage on rental videos and DVDs

Internet

Print

  • Paid advertisement in newspapers, magazines, and inserts in books.

  • Cross-promotion of original book 

  • Comic special editions or special episodes

Merchandising

  • Paid co-branding or co-advertising of a product with the film

  • Promotional giveaways branded drink cupstoys, or food combinations at fast food chains

Audience research

  • Positioning studies versus other films that will premiere at the same time.

  • Test screenings 

  • Testing of audience response to advertising materials.

  • Tracking surveys 

  • Exit surveys 

  • Title testing 

  • Concept testing 

Hollywood movie distributors spend about $4 billion a year to buy paid advertising

Marketing plan for a major film production

Week 1 – Define Your Movie’s Target Audience

It is now essential to define your target audience before you even put pen to paper. Is there an audience that already exists for your movie? Where does your audience congregate online?

  • Make a list of 5 ideal movie fan categories for your title.

  • Figure out why these fans should watch your movie.

Week 2 – Set up Your Movie Website

A large part of movie marketing involves internet marketing. The reason for this is simple: We are quickly approaching a time where there will be no delineation between your computer and your television. Everything will be on demand and accessible. As a result of these changes, you will need to drive targeted Internet traffic to your desired point of sale and convert these visitors into customers.

Week 3 – Know Your Prospective Audience

While there are no hard and fast rules in indie filmmaking, without retail DVD distribution, your most important goal (aside from making the movie) is to seek out your audience for both your current project and your filmmaking career. 

Your audience is your movie business. Without an audience, you simply have no business!

  • Discover where your fans congregate, both online and offline.

  • Create as list of popular publications that cater to your fans.

 

Week 4 – Track everything

In movie marketing, it is very common for everybody involved in a project to present ideas on best marketing practices. But the truth is, the only good marketing idea is the one that works and the only way you know if your strategy is working is when you test it.

  • Add tracking tools to  website.

  • Modify website to influence user activity.

 

Week 5 – Refine Your Movie Marketing

Have you noticed when a big studio releases a movie, they sometimes first push it as an action films. Then later, the advertisements shift to a love story? Why does this happen? These changes take place because movie marketers are consistently testing the movie messaging in front of sample audiences.

And it is usually the audience, not the filmmaker who reveals what aspects of the movie are most interesting and memorable.

  • Refine movie messaging based on audience feedback.

  • Create a hook and refine it to emphasize your unique story.

  • Get your movie in front of influencers  in your target market.

 

Week 6 – Search Engine Optimization For Your Movie

There are quite a few ways to do this, but one of the most effective ways of attracting traffic is by creating useful content, aimed at your target audience.

  • Conduct keyword research relevant to audience.

  • Implement movie website, with SEO friendly framework.

  • Define content strategy, based on keyword research.

 

Week 7 – Create Relevant Content

When it comes to movie marketing, creating relevant content is essential for attracting visitors to your movie website. It is at this point when most filmmakers start to feel overwhelmed, thinking they need to focus on blog articles.

While writing keyword specific, relevant content is a useful way to attract visitors, writing is not the only way to create content. Internet content can be created and delivered as audio, video and text. Since each prospective viewer has preferred modality, the goal is to create a content strategy that incorporates all three.

  •  create and outline a content strategy based on movie/story/genre specific keywords.

  • Then figure out timeline for how frequently to deliver the content.

Week 8 – Spread The Word and Build Buzz

 Lets say you are making a zombie movie and you  decide to conduct an internet search for zombies. You will very quickly find thousands of websites devoted to zombie movies. Unless you have all the time in the world, contacting the owner of each blog or website is going to be impossible.

so the goal is to sort through the noise and focus on activity that will give the greatest potential for results.

  • Build a database of the top 50 publications

  • Test several low cost ads to drive targeted traffic to the movie website.

  • Refine  trailer and post it everywhere!

  •  distribute a press release.

Week 9 – Leverage Social Networks and Blogging Community

Implement a social media strategy that encourages word of mouth.

  • Engage with potential users via social networking channels.

  • Implement a guest posting strategy on several blogs.

 

Week 10 – Launch

  • Divide launch strategy into several tiers and milestones.

  • Send copies of your movie to popular review websites for good reviews.

 

Week 11 – Utilize The Power of Email.

focus on creating and executing an email marketing campaign.

  • Write a half-dozen targeted emails and send at pre-determined intervals.

  • Reach out to other filmmakers and see if they would send similar emails to their list

 

Week 12 – Grow Your Community!

When it comes to modern film distribution, you can no longer plan on simply selling 10,000 DVDs to the big box video rental chain, because that doesn’t exist anymore. Instead your audience is your business – not just for your current project, but for all future titles as well focus on creating long term community engagement.

  • Establish a community for fans.

  • Get fans into a database.

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Treatment

Title Master and Apprentice

Treatment, 03/04/2019

Author Name Anthony Moyle

 

 

Logline

 Set in a modern day setting a samurai master trains a new generation of samurai to overcome the dangers of the modern world

  

Characters

 Wu Wang - A retired Japanese wood worker with the skills of the old samurai world

May Lu - Troubled woman who is striving to help correct right from wrong in the modern world after having a number of many things happen to her such as being robbed

  

Synopsis

 In 2019, crime levels and violence are at an all-time high with the police unable to keep control of the growing population. May Lu comes to the UK in search of a new life and to bring fortune to her and her family.

Through May's journey she encounters troubles and forced to move to a run-down part of the city where she is robbed a retired man (WU Wang) sees what is happening and takes May Lu under his wing but unknown to May Lu he is trained in the skilful art of samurai.

Wu Wang trains May Lu to take on the drug lords and heads of the crime network to bring order and control back to the police. 

Legal and Ethics

From a legal point of view due to the nature of the film scene a risk assessment was under taken and both actors  were trained in using to use the equipment.

The ethics behind my film is that if I was to make a full length feature of my film I would use Japanese actors and extras, where in cinematic history most other races and backgrounds were played by white actors and "blacked out" to coin a phrase or the make up was used to try and imitate the different skin tones. In this day and age this is totally unacceptable and not very "PC", also with such an array of actors from different cultures there is also no need to use these out dated practices.

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Above are EDL files which are used in post-production other file types are final cuts XML. The reason for these files are that it is easier and quicker to import on a project instead of reading a typed rush list

MARKETING

 

Marketing is properly the most important part of post as well as during production this will determine if your film is a success or a failure in the monetary terms.

Without marketing there is no possible way that big budget film makers would ever recoup money spent on the film also with a lot of film studios directors work on a percentage-based profit scheme, so it is in the interests of both actors and crew to help engage in any marketing opportunities.

The marketing tools used in modern day very but her are a few:

  • Social media

  • Direct advertising

  • Behind the scene footage

  • Camera stills

  • Interviews

  • Billboards

  • Merchandising

All of these tools are used to the max to create as much profit and buzz around the film as possible.

Without the marketing department films would just go on word of mouth and wouldn’t get the audience size to recoup any losses and create a profit margin

The Pitch

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